Provisioning Fedora/CentOS bootc on GCP

This guide shows how to provision new Fedora/CentOS bootc instances on the Google Compute Engine platform.

Prerequisites

You’ll need a Google Compute Engine account, and if following this full example, also OpenTofu. To be clear, the OpenTofu usage is just an example, you can provision instances however you like, including the gcloud CLI interactively in the console GUI, or in a Kubernetes environment using Cluster API, etc.

No cloud-init or hypervisor-specific metadata tools included by default

Unlike Fedora Cloud or Fedora CoreOS (or in general many pre-generated disk images) the default base image does not include a tool such as cloud-init or afterburn to fetch SSH keys or execute scripts from the hypervisor.

For more on this, see Cloud Agents.

In particular for Google Compute Engine, this means that the base image does not integrate with OSLogin by default.

No separate pre-generated disk images

At the current time, the Fedora/CentOS bootc project does not produce pre-built disk images for the base images.

bootc-image-builder: Does not support GCP yet

The bootc-image-builder tool does not yet support generating GCP disk images (however, this would be relatively easy to fix).

Example provisioning with OpenTofu and bootc install to-existing-root

This is effectively a variant of the AWS example that uses the aws CLI in concert with bootc install to-existing-root, except instead of the CLI tool we are using OpenTofu to more fully automate provisioning.

Copy and modify the following code:

main.tf
provider "google" {
  project = var.project
  region  = var.region
  zone = var.region_zone
}

resource "google_compute_instance" "bootc_test" {
  name         = "bootc-test"
  machine_type = "e2-standard-4"
  tags = ["bootc-test"]
  allow_stopping_for_update = true

  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      # This instance uses the default RHEL 9 as a "launcher image"
      image = "rhel-cloud/rhel-9"
    }
  }

  # LOOK HERE
  # This is really the main interesting thing going on; we're injecting a "startup script"
  # via GCE instance metadata into the stock RHEL-9 guest image. This script fetches our
  # target container image, and reboots into it - *taking over* the existing instance.
  metadata_startup_script = <<-EOS
dnf -y install podman && podman run --rm --privileged -v /dev:/dev -v /:/target --pid=host --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t ${var.bootc_image} bootc install to-existing-root && reboot
EOS

  network_interface {
    # A default network is created for all GCP projects
    network = "default"
    access_config {
    }
  }
variables.tf
variable "project" {
  type = string
  description = "Your GCP project ID"
}

variable "region" {
  type = string
  description = "GCP region"
  default = "us-central1"
}

variable "region_zone" {
  type = string
  description = "GCP region and zone"
  default = "us-central1-f"
}

# This is the new important variable!  It will be injected into the startup
# script; see `provision.tf`.
variable "bootc_image" {
  type = string
  description = "Your bootable container"
}

You will need to perform basic replacements in vars.tf, including at a minimum your desired container image. But it is almost certain that you will want to modify main.tf to include it as part of a more substatial workload that may include network firewalls or routers, etc.

Once you are ready, follow the OpenTofu workflow to provision and update the system.

OpenTofu is a good tool to manage cloud-level infrastructure. However, once you want to make changes to the operating system itself, you can use a fully container-native workflow - just push changes to the registry and the instances will update in place.

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